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Diffuse amalgam
tattoo of alveolar mucosa. | ||
Soft
Mucosal
& Soft Tissue Lesions
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Diffuse amalgam
tattoo of alveolar mucosa. | ||
Minnesota
The Minnesota Oral Disease
Prevalence Study
Prevalence of Oral Surface Lesions & Masses
Gender-specific prevalence rates for all mucosal, soft tissue and bony oral and oropharyngeal lesions clinically diagnosed in 23,616 white U.S. adults (97% whites) over 35 years of age, ranked by total prevalence.
|
Clinical Diagnosis | # Lesions per 1,000 persons (adults) | ||
Male (Range) | Female (Range) | Total (Range) | |
| Leukoplakia |
42.5 |
13.1 |
23.7 |
| Lesion, NOS, oral |
23.6 |
17.6 |
19.7 |
| Torus palatinus |
13.2 |
21.7 |
18.7 |
| Irritation fibroma |
13.0 |
11.4 |
11.9 |
| Fordyce granules |
17.7 |
5.2 |
9.7 |
| Torus mandibularis |
9.6 |
7.9 |
8.5 |
| Lesion, NOS, other |
3.5 |
6.9 |
5.7 |
| Hemangioma, oral |
8.4 |
4.1 |
5.6 |
| Inflammatory ulcer |
5.4 |
5.1 |
5.2 |
| Inflammatory erythema, oral |
4.5 |
4.8 |
4.7 |
| Papilloma |
5.3 |
4.2 |
4.6 |
| Epulis fissuratum |
3.4 |
4.4 |
4.0 |
| Varicosities |
3.5 |
3.4 |
3.5 |
| Fissured tongue |
3.5 |
3.1 |
3.3 |
| Inflammatory erythema, oropharynx |
3.5 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
| Geographic tongue |
3.4 |
3.0 |
3.1 |
| Trauma, NOS, oral |
3.0 |
3.2 |
3.1 |
| Papillary hyperplasia |
1.7 |
3.8 |
3.0 |
| Herpes labialis |
2.4 |
2.6 |
2.5 |
| Mucocele |
1.9 |
2.6 |
2.4 |
| Scar tissue |
2.4 |
1.9 |
2.1 |
| Angular cheilitis |
1.8 |
1.9 |
1.8 |
| Hyperplastic lingual tonsil |
2.4 |
1.2 |
1.6 |
| Hematoma/echhymosis |
2.0 |
1.4 |
1.6 |
| Frictional keratosis (cheek bite) |
0.7 |
1.4 |
1.1 |
| Hyperplastic pharyngeal tonsil |
1.5 |
0.9 |
1.1 |
| Lichen planus |
1.2 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
| Smokeless tobacco keratosis |
2.7 |
0.1 |
1.0 |
| Buccal exostosis |
1.0 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
| Leaf-shaped fibroma (beneath denture) |
0.4 |
1.2 |
0.9 |
| Amalgam tattoo |
0.6 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
| Median rhomboid glossitis |
0.8 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
| Hairy tongue (black) |
1.2 |
0.3 |
0.6 |
| Glossitis, atrophic |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
| Epidermoid cyst |
0.7 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
| Nevocellular nevus, oral |
0.1 |
0.7 |
0.5 |
| Leukoedema |
0.8 |
0.1 |
0.4 |
| Oral melanotic macule |
0.5 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
| Non-lingual oral tonsils, hyperplastic |
0.5 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
| Nicotine palatinus |
0.6 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
| Herpes zoster, intraoral |
0.5 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
| Lipoma |
0.1 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
| Pseudomembranous candidiasis |
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
| Ranula |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
| Herpes simplex, intraoral |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
| Sialolithiasis |
0.0 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
| Bifid uvula |
0.4 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
| White coated tongue |
0.4 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
| Gingival hyperplasia |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
| Hyperplastic buccinator node |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
| Commissural lip pits |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
| Cyst of Blandin-Nuhn |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
| Basal cell carcinoma, vermilion |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Macroglossia |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
| Pyogenic granuloma |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
| Nasoalveolar cyst |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
| Neurofibroma |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
Diagnoses of biopsied oral leukoplakias: | |||
| Hyperkeratosis without dysplasia |
9.7 |
3.3 |
5.6 |
| Severe epithelial dysplasia |
2.4 |
0.3 |
1.1 |
| Squamous cell carcinoma I |
2.7 |
0.1 |
1.0 |
|
Clinical Diagnosis, Face/Neck Lesions: | |||
|
Lesion, NOS, face/neck * | 11.1 |
9.8 |
10.3 |
| Nevocellular nevus, face/neck |
5.7 |
6.6 |
6.3 |
| Actinic keratosis, face/neck |
3.7 |
4.0 |
3.9 |
| Cervical adenopathy, inflammatory |
3.1 |
4.0 |
3.7 |
| Enlarged thyroid gland |
0.5 |
3.2 |
2.2 |
| Basal cell carcinoma, face |
3.2 |
1.7 |
2.2 |
| Seborrheic keratosis, face/neck |
1.5 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
| Lipoma, face/neck |
1.4 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
| Sebaceous cyst, face/neck |
1.7 |
0.8 |
1.1 |
| Verruca vulgaris, face/neck |
1.3 |
0.5 |
0.8 |
| Hemangioma, face |
0.6 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
| Xanthoma/xanthelasma, face |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
| Osteoma, facial bones/skull |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
| Thyroglossal duct cyst, neck |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
| Nasal polyp |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Malignant melanoma, face | 0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
| Butterfly rash of lupus |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
|
History of Oral Cancer: | |||
|
No lesion, history of oral cancer |
2.4 |
0.7 |
1.3 |
| No lesion, family history of oral cancer | 3.6 |
2.5 |
2.9 |
| Oral carcinoma, history of previous oral cancer | 0.5 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
| Oral leukoplakia, history of previous oral carcinoma | 1.4 |
0.2 |
0.6 |
* 8,477 males, 15,139 females; NOS = not otherwise specified; all cases biopsy
proven
and included in leukoplakia rates, except the single
case of basal cell carcinoma
of the vermilion border.
References for the Minnesota Study
Bouquot JE. An epidemiologic evaluation of oral carcinoma, premalignant epithelial dysplasia and nonspecific clinical keratoses in an adult Minnesota population of 23,616. Master's Thesis, University of Minnesota Graduate School, 1974, pp 1-96.
Bouquot JE. Common oral lesions found during a mass screening examination. J Amer Dent Assoc 112:50-57, 1986.
Bouquot
JE, Gorlin RJ. Leukoplakia, lichen planus and other oral keratoses in 23,616
white Americans over 35 years of age. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1986;
61:373-381.
Bouquot JE, Gundlach KKH. Oral exophytic lesions in 23,616 white Americans over 35 years of age. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1986; 62:284-291.
Bouquot JE, Gundlach KKH. Odd tongues: the prevalence of common tongue lesions in 23,616 white Americans over 35 years of age. Quint Internat 1986; 17:719-730.
Bouquot JE. Epidemiology. In: Gnepp DG. Pathology of the head and neck. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1987, pp 263-314.
Bouquot JE, Gundlach KKH. Odd lips: the prevalence of common lip lesions in 23,616 white Americans over 35 years of age. Quint Internat 1987; 18:277-284.
Bouquot JE, Crout RJ. Odd gums: The prevalence of common gingival and alveolar lesions in 23,616 white Americans over 35 years of age. Quint Internat 1988; 19:747-753.